Biome

Introduction The colorectal cancer (CRC) microbiome is niche specific and individualised. Several putative driver organisms enriched on CRCs have been identified from human studies, but few data exist which properly account for important clinical variables in CRC. In this study, we used a meta-taxonomic approach to demonstrate how the CRC microbiome varies with disease stage, histological markers of prognosis and host molecular phenotypes. Method A prospective study was performed on patients undergoing colonoscopy and elective surgery for CRC at three hospitals in UK and Czech Republic. Tissue was sampled from tumours, adenomas, adjacent normal mucosa and mucosa from healthy colon controls. The V1-2 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced (Illumina MiSeq); data were processed in Mothur and analysed in Stamp and R. Species assignment was performed with NCBI BLAST for microbial genomes. False discovery rate p value correction accounted for multiple testing. Histological analysis and tumour molecular phenotyping were performed according to Royal College of Pathology guidelines. Results One hundred and ninety six patients were recruited: 158 CRC patients, 24 adenoma patients and 14 normal colon controls (median age 70; range 35–90). Tumours were staged as 6 T0, 4 T1, 23 T2, 97 T3, 27 T4; 99 N0, 40 N1, 27 N2; 6 M1. No significant differences were seen in diversity or taxonomy between the UK and Czech cohorts. Adenoma and healthy colon control samples were taxonomically indistinct. However, CRCs were characterised by reduced Shannon diversity (p

Omega-3 fatty acids may influence human physiological parameters in part by affecting the gut microbiome. The aim of this study was to investigate the links between omega-3 fatty acids, gut microbiome diversity and composition and faecal metabolomic profiles ...

AOBiome is a world-leading clinical-stage microbiome company focusing on research and development of therapeutics for inflammatory conditions, central nervous system disorders and other diseases. Our proprietary product candidates harness a strain of class-defining, auto-regulating Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria, or AOB, a human commensal with well-understood and well-characterized biochemical properties that are critical to human health. We believe that the application of AOB has the potential to restore critical biological and biochemical processes through the symbiotic relationship between humans and this naturally-existing bacteria to address significant clinical need at various stages of disease. We have six ongoing clinical programs in acne vulgaris, or acne, atopic dermatitis, or eczema, rosacea, allergic rhinitis, migraine and hypertension, and multiple ongoing preclinical programs, including ones addressing pulmonary and gastrointestinal disorders.

Fighting infection with conventional antibiotics is becoming a hopeless affair. The CDC recently warned these drugs are useless in combatting deadly “super germs.” So what can one do? Your kitchen holds the key.

Why does our immune system confuse unhealthy diets with dysbiosis—an overrun of bad bacteria in our colon? Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ For more on gut health and microbiome, check out the playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5TLzNi5fYd9bVwe5wDtBA3miV7rsANY0 Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/flashback-friday-prebiotics-tending-our-inner-garden and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/flashback-friday-prebiotics-tending-our-inner-garden. You’ll also find a transcript and acknowledgments for the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM Captions for this video are available in several languages. To find yours, click on the settings wheel on the lower-right of the video and then "Subtitles/CC." Do you have feedback about the translations in this video? Please share it here along with the title of the video and language: https://nutritionfacts.zendesk.com/hc/requests/new To view the subtitles in transcript format, click on the ellipsis button below the video, choose "Open transcript", and select the language you'd like to view them in. Image Credit: ZEISS Microscopy via Flickr. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org

Rather than haphazardly buying probiotics off the shelf, customize your selection this cold and flu season with evidence-based strains proven to boost immunity

Species compositions of gut microbiomes impact host health [1, 2, 3], but the processes determining these compositions are largely unknown. An unexpla…

ReferenceKaramali M, Nasiri N, Shavazi NT, et al. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins (published online ahead of print August 7, 2017).

Probiotic supplements protected female mice from the loss of bone density that occurs after having their ovaries removed, researchers have shown. The findings suggest that probiotic bacteria may have potential as an inexpensive treatment for post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Revolutionary research illuminates that a new frontier of personalized medicine lies in the virome. Rather than harbingers of disease, viruses are intrinsic to immune modulation and to disease susceptibility.

Background and Aim Acid suppressive agents including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used as first-line treatment for various acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Although known to profoundly ...

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Background Urbanization is associated with an increased risk for a number of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer, which all also show associations with the microbiome. While microbial community composition has been shown to vary across continents and in traditional versus Westernized societies, few studies have examined urban-rural differences in neighboring communities within a single country undergoing rapid urbanization. In this study, we compared the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, dietary habits, and health biomarkers of rural and urban people from a single Chinese province. Results We identified significant differences in the microbiota and microbiota-related plasma metabolites in rural versus recently urban subjects from the Hunan province of China. Microbes with higher relative abundance in Chinese urban samples have been associated with disease in other studies and were substantially more prevalent in the Human Microbiome Project cohort of American subjects. Furthermore, using whole metagenome sequencing, we found that urbanization was associated with a loss of microbial diversity and changes in the relative abundances of Viruses, Archaea, and Bacteria. Gene diversity, however, increased with urbanization, along with the proportion of reads associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence, which were strongly correlated with the presence of Escherichia and Shigella. Conclusions Our data suggest that urbanization has produced convergent evolution of the gut microbial composition in American and urban Chinese populations, resulting in similar compositional patterns of abundant microbes through similar lifestyles on different continents, including a loss of potentially beneficial bacteria and an increase in potentially harmful genes via increased relative abundance of Escherichia and Shigella.

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Fiber isn’t the only thing our good gut bacteria can eat; starch can also act as a prebiotic. Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ This is a follow-up to my video Is the Fiber Theory Wrong?(http://nutritionfacts.org/video/is-the-fiber-theory-wrong) What is this butyrate stuff of which I speak? See: • Bowel Wars: Hydrogen Sulfide vs. Butyrate (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/bowel-wars-hydrogen-sulfide-vs-butyrate/) • Prebiotics: Tending Our Inner Garden (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/prebiotics-tending-our-inner-garden) • Treating Ulcerative Colitis with Diet (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/treating-ulcerative-colitis-with-diet) For videos on optimizing your gut flora, see: • Microbiome: The Inside Story (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/microbiome-the-inside-story) • What’s Your Gut Microbiome Enterotype?http://nutritionfacts.org/video/whats-your-gut-microbiome-enterotype • How to Change Your Enterotype (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-to-change-your-enterotype/) More on preventing colon cancer in: • Starving Cancer with Methionine Restriction (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/starving-cancer-with-methionine-restriction/) • Stool pH and Colon Cancer (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/stool-ph-and-colon-cancer/) • Solving a Colon Cancer Mystery (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/solving-a-colon-cancer-mystery/) If you’re eating healthy do you need a colonoscopy? Find out in Should We All Get Colonoscopies Starting at Age 50? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/should-we-all-get-colonoscopies-starting-at-age-50). When regular starches are cooked and then cooled, some of the starch recrystallizes into resistant starch. For this reason, pasta salad can be healthier than hot pasta and potato salad healthier than a baked potato. Find out more in my next video Getting Starch to Take the Path of Most Resistance (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/Getting-starch-to-take-the-path-of-most-resistance). Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/resistant-starch-and-colon-cancer/ and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/resistant-starch-and-colon-cancer/. You’ll also find a transcript of the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM Image Credit: Ed Uthman via flickr. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org #coloncancer #hownottodie #drgreger

(2016). Resistant starch reduces colonic and urinary p-cresol in rats fed a tyrosine-supplemented diet, whereas konjac mannan does not. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry: Vol. 80, No. 10, pp. 1995-2000.

Background Mortality from chronic liver disease is rising exponentially. The liver is intimately linked to the gut via the portal vein, and exposure to gut microbiota and their metabolites transloca...

The human intestinal microbiome is thought to influence tumor development and progression in the gastrointestinal tract by various mechanisms. Therefore, by better understanding the microbiome in eso...

Reported values in the literature on the number of cells in the body differ by orders of magnitude and are very seldom supported by any measurements or calculations. Here, we integrate the most up-to-date information on the number of human and bacterial ...

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing throughout the world. Although the exact cause of the disease is not fully clear, perhaps, genetics, ethnic origin, obesity, age, and lifestyle are considered as few of many contributory factors for the disease pathogenesis. In recent years, the disease progression is particularly linked with functional and taxonomic alterations in the gastrointestinal tract microbiome. A change in microbial diversity, referred as microbial dysbiosis, alters the gut fermentation profile and intestinal wall integrity and causes metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, autoimmunity, and other affiliated metabolic disorders. This article aims to summarize the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Additionally, we summarize gut microbial dysbiosis in preclinical and clinical diabetes cases reported in literature in the recent years.

Chinese Medical Journal, a publication of Chinese Medical Association, is a peer-reviewed online journal with semi-monthly print on demand compilation of issues published. The journal's full text is available online at http://www.cmj.org. The journal allows free access (Open Access) to its contents and permits authors to self-archive final accepted version of the articles on any OAI-compliant institutional / subject-based repository.

Could Monsanto's glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup be leading to the overgrowth of deadly bacteria in animals and humans consuming genetically-modified food contaminated with it?

Scientists show how a specific strain of microbes helps control glucose homeostasis in mice. In the future, this could mean more targeted and powerful probiotics in humans.