2016

Autophagy impairment has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and could be a new target of treatment. Trehalose is a natural, nonreducing disaccharide that has been shown to enhance autophagy. Therefore, we investigated whether trehalose treatment reduces renal cyst formation in a Pkd1-hypomorphic mouse model. Pkd1 miRNA transgenic (Pkd1 miR Tg) mice and wild-type littermates were given drinking water supplemented with 2% trehalose from postnatal day 35 to postnatal day 91. The control groups received pure water or 2% sucrose for the control of hyperosmolarity. The effect on kidney weights, cystic indices, renal function, cell proliferation, and autophagic activities was determined. We found that Pkd1 miR Tg mice had a significantly lower renal mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes, including atg5, atg12, ulk1, beclin1, and p62, compared with wild-type control mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that cystic lining cells had strong positive staining for the p62 protein, indicating impaired degradation of the protein by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. However, trehalose treatment did not improve reduced autophagy activities, nor did it reduce relative kidney weights, plasma blood urea nitrogen levels, or cystatin C levels in Pkd1 miR Tg mice. Histomorphological analysis revealed no significant differences in the renal cyst index, fibrosis score, or proliferative score among trehalose-, sucrose-, and water-treated groups. Our results demonstrate that adding trehalose to drinking water does not modulate autophagy activities and renal cystogenesis in Pkd1-deficient mice, suggesting that an oral supplement of trehalose may not affect the progression of ADPKD.

Trehalose increases blood glucose levels slowly and induces a slight insulin response. The present study aimed to study the effect of trehalose on prolonged exercise performance. The participants were 12 healthy men (age: 21.3 ± 0.9 y). After an overnight fast (12 h), they first exercised with a constant load (intensity: 40% V˙O2peak) for 60 min using a bicycle ergometer. They continued to exercise with a constant load (40% V˙O2peak) for 30 min between four sets of the 30-s Wingate test. After the 1st set, each participant ingested 500 mL water (control), 8% glucose, or 8% trehalose in three trials. These three trials were at least one week apart and were conducted in a double-blind and randomized crossover manner. Blood was collected for seven biochemical parameters at 12 time points during the experiment. The area under the curve of adrenaline after ingestion of trehalose was significantly lower than that for water and tended to be lower than that for glucose in the later stage of the exercise. Lower secretion of adrenaline after a single dose of 8% trehalose during prolonged exercise reflected the preservation of carbohydrates in the body in the later stage of the exercise. In conclusion, a single ingestion of trehalose helped to maintain prolonged exercise performance.

Abstract. Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide in which the two glucose units are linked in an α,α-1,1-glycosidic linkage. This sugar is present in a wide va

New research shows that a natural sugar called trehalose prevents fatty liver disease in mice. The study found that trehalose prevents the sugar fructose -- thought to be a major contributor to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease -- from entering the liver and triggers a cellular housekeeping process that cleans up excess fat buildup inside liver cells.

In this study, pH responsive genipin-cross-linked Pluronic F127-chitosan nanoparticles (GNPs) was synthesized to encapsulate trehalose for intracellular delivery to cryopreserve primary human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Trehalose is a disaccharide of glucose used by lower organisms to survi …

Why are the recommendations to people with diabetes to eat a high-carb diet a bad idea? How does it likely increase the risk of complications massively? And what is the alternative? This is one of the most personal and powerful presentations from the recent Low Carb USA conference.

TYPEONEGRIT has 3,508 members. ABOUT: TypeOneGrit is a (not-so) small FB group of type ONE diabetics who have read, "Dr. Bernstein's Diabetes Solution" and are CURRENTLY following his protocol which...

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Could long sought-after support for type 1 diabetes be as close as your kitchen cupboard? An accumulating body of scientific research appears to point in exactly that direction

This topic contains 24 study abstracts on Beta Cell Regeneration with in-depth information on the following Topics: Glibenclamide, Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1, and A1C

Having type 1 or 2 diabetes requires a person to always know what their blood sugar levels are. This normally takes time and can be quite invasive – normal

A mouse study found that the natural sugar trehalose may be able to treat fatty liver disease, a condition partially caused by sugar consumption.

For quite some time the link between juvenile onset diabetes (type 1) and cow’s milk consumption has been noted in the scientific literature. You can view 12 such references on our Cow’s Milk Page. In genetically susceptible individuals the consumption of cow’s milk triggers an autoimmune destruction of the beta-cells in the pancreas which produce insulin.

Dexcom Continuous Glucose Monitoring - Discover smart and simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Designed to help diabetes patients keep track of their blood glucose levels with ease. Read about risks and benefits here.

This topic contains 221 study abstracts on Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 indicating that the following substances may be helpful: Vitamin D, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, and Benfotiamine

Is it the casein or the cow insulin that explains the link between milk consumption and the development of type I diabetes? Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ If you missed the prequel to this video, check out Does Casein in Milk Exposure Trigger Type 1 Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-casein-in-milk-exposure-trigger-type-1-diabetes) More on the concerns with cow’s milk exposure in infancy and childhood in: • Childhood Constipation and Cow’s Milk (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/childhood-constipation-and-cows-milk/) • Formula for Childhood Obesity (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/Formula-for-Childhood-Obesity) • Cow’s Milk Casomorphin and Crib Death (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/cows-milk-casomorphin-and-crib-death/) • Cow’s Milk Casomorphin and Autism (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/cows-milk-casomorphin-and-autism/) So what’s The Best Baby Formula? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/the-best-baby-formula/) Breast milk! Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-bovine-insulin-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-bovine-insulin-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes. You’ll also find a transcript of the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM Image credits: Bradley Johnson via flickr and Jean-Alein via pixabay. Images have been modified. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org

Why might exposure to bovine proteins increase the risk of childhood-onset autoimmune type I diabetes? Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ The vast majority of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes, so that’s what I’ve been concentrating on. See for example: • Plant-Based Diets and Diabetes (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/Plant-Based-Diets-and-Diabetes) • Can Diabetic Retinopathy Be Reversed? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/can-diabetic-retinopathy-be-reversed) • What Causes Insulin Resistance? (http://nutritionfacts.org/what-causes-insulin-resistance) • Diabetes as a Disease of Fat Toxicity (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/Diabetes-as-a-Disease-of-Fat-Toxicity) • What Causes Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/what-causes-diabetes) • Reversing Diabetes with Food (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/reversing-diabetes-with-food) • Diabetes Reversal: Is it the Calories or the Food? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/13.diabetes-reversal-is-it-the-calories-or-the-food) I’m so glad to be getting around to type 1 diabetes, though. Stay tuned for the next video, Does Bovine Insulin Exposure Trigger Type 1 Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-bovine-insulin-exposure-trigger-type-1-diabetes) Please let me know what other topics you’d like me to cover. Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-casein-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-casein-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes. You’ll also find a transcript of the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM Image credit: Ishai Parasol via flickr. Image has been modified. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org

“Fear of consumer reaction” led the U.S. dairy industry to suppress the discovery in retail milk of live paraTB bacteria, a pathogen linked to type 1 diabetes. Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ For an exploration of other possibilities as to why cow’s milk consumption is linked to this autoimmune destruction of insulin production see Does Casein in Milk Trigger Type 1 Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-casein-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes/) and Does Bovine Insulin in Milk Trigger Type 1 Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-bovine-insulin-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes/). If it’s in the milk, what about the meat? That’s the subject of my next two videos in this 3-part series, Meat Consumption and the Development of Type 1 Diabetes (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/meat-consumption-and-the-development-of-type-1-diabetes) and Does Paratuberculosis in Meat Trigger Type 1 Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-paratuberculosis-in-meat-trigger-type-1-diabetes). But if we don’t drink milk, what about our bone health? See my video Is Milk Good for Our Bones? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/is-milk-good-for-our-bones). Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-paratuberculosis-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-paratuberculosis-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes. You’ll also find a transcript of the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM Image credit: ponce_photography via pixabay. Image has been modified. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org

Neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aberrant accumulation of undigested cellular components represent unmet medical conditions for which the identification of actionable targets is urgently needed. Here we identify a pharmacologically actionable pathway that controls cellular clearance via A …

Denise Faustman, MD, PhD, is the Director of the Immunobiology Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital and an Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. She was interviewed by Diabetes Daily about 9 years ago when she was about to begin human clinical trials based on the results from her successful mice-curing BCG vaccine. Mice are certainly cured from type 1 diabetes a lot these days, but in clinical trials, they are often given type 1 diabetes through an interventional chemical administration. It is notable that Dr. Faustman cured mice who had naturally occurring type 1 diabetes which is rooted in the autoimmune attack on the insulin-making beta cells. The BCG vaccine, or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, is about 100 years old and used around the world, though no longer in the United States, for the prevention of tuberculosis. It is being studied in various labs around the world due to its ability to spark the […]

Chronic hyperglycemia underlies microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. The mechanisms leading to these vascular complications are not fully understood. Recently, we observed that acute hyperglycemia results in endothelial glycocalyx damage. To establish whether glycocalyx is associated with microvascular damage, we performed glycocalyx perturbation volume measurements in type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (DM1-MA group; n = 7), without microalbuminuria (DM1-NA group; n = 7), and in age-matched control subjects (CON; n = 7). Systemic glycocalyx volume was determined comparing intravascular distribution volume of a glycocalyx-permeable tracer (dextran 40) to that of a glycocalyx-impermeable tracer (labeled erythrocytes). Sublingual capillaries were visualized using orthogonal polarization spectral microscopy to estimate microvascular glycocalyx. Patients and control subjects were matched according to age and BMI. Glycocalyx volume decreased in a stepwise fashion from CON, DM1-NA, and finally DM1-MA subjects (1.5 ± 0.1, 0.8 ± 0.4, and 0.2 ± 0.1 l, respectively, P < 0.05). Microvascular glycocalyx in sublingual capillaries was also decreased in type 1 diabetes versus the control group (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1 μm, P < 0.05). Plasma hyaluronan, a principal glycocalyx constituent, and hyaluronidase were increased in type 1 diabetes. In conclusion, type 1 diabetic patients are characterized by endothelial glycocalyx damage, the severity of which is increased in presence of microalbuminuria.

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Background This study was to investigate the effect and its possible mechanism of fucoidan on the development of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Methods 7-week-old NOD mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, low-dose (300 mg/kg) and high-dose (600 mg/kg) fucoidan-treatment groups. After 5 weeks of treatment, 10 mice per group were randomly selected to be sacrificed after feces collection. The remaining 12 mice per group were fed until 26 weeks of age to assess the incidence of diabetes. Results Treatment with fucoidan increased serum insulin level, delayed the onset and decreased the development of diabetes in NOD mice. Fucoidan reduced the levels of strong Th1 proinflammatory cytokines, but induced Th2-bias ed. cytokine response. And dentridic cells (DCs) in fucoidan treatment group were characterized as low expression of MHC class II and CD86 molecules. TLR4 expressions and the downstream molecules in pancreas were down-regulated in fucoidan-treated groups. There were significant differences in the composition of gut flora between NOD control group and fucoidan group. Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were significantly enriched in fucoidan group. Conclusions Fucoidan could prevent the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice via regulating DC/Treg induced immune tolerance, improving gut microecology, down-regulating TLR4 signaling pathway, and maintaining pancreatic internal environment.

Ray Peat

Investigative Journalism