Long-term reduction in hyperglycemia in advanced type 1 diabetes the value of induced aerobic glycolysis with BCG vaccinations npj Vaccines
In patients with long-term type 1 diabetes, the tuberculosis vaccine BCG lowers blood sugar levels to near-normal after three years. Denise Faustman and her team from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School investigated a cohort of type 1 diabetics that received two doses of BCG before being monitored over eight years. After three years, vaccine-treated patients lowered their HbA1c levels—a diabetes biomarker reflecting average blood sugar over 8–12 weeks—by over 10%. This reduction increased to 18% in the fourth year, after which HbA1c levels remained low up to the final year of monitoring. The researchers report that the BCG vaccine appeared to reset diabetes-implicated parts of the immune system and, through a novel mechanism, shift glucose metabolism to lower blood sugar to healthy levels. Future studies will further classify BCG’s benefits in diabetes.